{"id":4691,"date":"2025-02-06T19:14:28","date_gmt":"2025-02-06T17:14:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uanimals.org\/media\/?p=4691"},"modified":"2025-02-17T16:22:53","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T14:22:53","slug":"iak-prodaiut-chervonoknyzhnykh-tvaryn-v-ukraini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uanimals.org\/media\/en\/statti-en\/iak-prodaiut-chervonoknyzhnykh-tvaryn-v-ukraini\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cNeed Documents? We\u2019ll Make Them!\u201d: How Endangered Animals Get Sold in Ukraine and Worldwide"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\u201cSelling wild European hamsters.\u201d<\/em> I posted this ad on one of the country’s most popular online marketplaces, OLX. I promised healthy and active male and female hamsters. The European hamster is a species listed in Ukraine\u2019s Red Data Book, so I set the price at a minimum of 800 hryvnias (~$20) “per piece.”<\/p>\n

For half a day, the ad awaited moderation, but in the evening, it was rejected. This item was on the list of those prohibited for publication.<\/p>\n

However, soon after, I made a second attempt. This time, I omitted the full scientific name of the species but provided a detailed description of my endangered fluffies. And just like that, the ad was approved.<\/p>\n

I didn\u2019t have a single hamster, and I had never even seen a wild hamster in my life. But if I had one, I could have easily violated the law. Yes, Ukrainian legislation does prohibit the sale of Red Data Book animals and plants. Despite this, such sales were, until recently, thriving openly on perhaps the country\u2019s largest online marketplace platform.\u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

A Lynx on OLX<\/b><\/h2>\n

On September 7, 2023, near a shopping mall in the Obukhiv district outside Kyiv, two cars pulled up. A fashionably dressed woman and another woman with a notebook stepped out of one. From the other car, a man emerged holding a cat carrier.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Did you bring the documents for the animal? \u2014 the woman with the notebook <\/span>asked<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014 Need documents? We\u2019ll make them! Hold it in your hands, don\u2019t be afraid!<\/span><\/p>\n

The man took a small lynx out of the carrier and handed it to the stylishly dressed woman. Of course, she should hold it \u2014 to fall in love with it and finally decide to buy it! She had been considering it for two weeks. A wealthy young mother had responded to an OLX ad in which the man was offering a lynx. Her daughter had recently watched the \u201cMavka\u201d cartoon and fallen in love with a character named Kvus, who resembled a lynx kitten. The girl desperately wanted a pet lynx. The man was asking $3,800 for the animal.<\/span><\/p>\n

As soon as the mother took the lynx kitten, the police appeared. The animal was forcibly confiscated. The stylishly dressed woman was Marina Ivaniusko, a lawyer from the animal rights organization <\/span>URSA<\/span><\/a>. The organization\u2019s founder Yaroslava Koba, who devised the sting operation, played the role of the assistant with the notebook.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text]\n

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The carrier hides the confiscated lynx. Source: Yaroslava Koba\u2019s Facebook page<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n [vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

“We asked whether it bites, what to feed it, whether it should be sterilized, how much space it needs. In messages, they assured us it was one of the easiest animals to keep, that it wouldn\u2019t mind living in a house and eating cat food,”<\/em> Yaroslava recalls.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The man claimed he bred adult lynxes with a male once a year and sold the offspring. The confiscated young lynx was underweight and had numerous health issues.<\/span><\/p>\n

“It was impossible to go to their location and verify that they were breeding animals \u2014 they don\u2019t disclose their address,” says Yaroslava. “At the man\u2019s registered address, there were no lynxes. To track him and search the premises, a warrant is required, but in Ukraine, this is only considered an administrative offense, so no search warrant is issued.”<\/em> As a result, the seller got off with a fine.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The lynx kitten was named Ursa. It is now undergoing rehabilitation at the Wild Animals Rescue Center in the Kyiv region. Efforts are being made to find it a shelter abroad where it can live in at least semi-wild conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n

“When this lynx was confiscated, my phone didn\u2019t stop ringing,”<\/em> recalls lawyer Nina Arzamastseva, who provides legal support for crossing the border with animals. “Strange people were calling, asking if they could get the confiscated lynx back. I started asking them questions. In the end, I told them: forget about it.”\u00a0<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Not Just the Big Ones<\/b><\/h2>\n

The law prohibits the sale and purchase of not only bears or big cats but even the smallest animal listed in the Red Data Book. That\u2019s why I decided to start my experiment with a <\/span>hamster.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the endangered wild hamster isn\u2019t actually that small \u2014 it can weigh up to half a kilogram. It also has a habit of gnawing on everything in the vegetable garden, which is why people usually want to get rid of it.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text]\n

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European hamster. Facebook page of the Roztocze National Park (Poland)<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n [vc_column_text]At the Hamster Rescue Center, they urge people not to kill these animals but to report them to zoologists. Specialists then capture the hamster and relocate it to the wild.\u00a0<\/span>The head of the center, Mykhailo Rusin, has often been advised, “Pay people for the hamsters, and garden owners will be more willing to hand them over.”<\/em> These advisors didn\u2019t even realize the absurdity of their suggestion. And that wasn\u2019t the strangest case. “There was an instance where some unknown individuals <\/em><\/span>wanted to buy up hamsters for 2,000 hryvnias (~$50) each <\/b><\/em>\u2014 who knows what for,”<\/em> says Mykhailo. “We refused, and the matter ended there. But who knows? Maybe they found poachers willing to supply them with animals. We don\u2019t know that.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

One of the most frequently listed Red Data Book animals on OLX were mustelids \u2014 ferrets and marbled polecats. Or maybe they were just the most documented cases since zoologists from the Rehabilitation and Care Center for Mustelids in Ukraine have been closely monitoring online marketplace websites over the past few years. Whenever they spotted an ad selling a rare animal, they would contact the sellers and negotiate persistently. The outcomes varied: sometimes, healthy animals were successfully returned to the wild; other times, cases ended in the animal\u2019s death. Like this one did.<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2020, in the Donetsk region, someone posted an ad for a “domestic ferret” they had found on the street. Experts came across the listing and immediately recognized the animal in the photo \u2014 not a ferret, but a rare marbled polecat. The Center\u2019s staff began negotiations. At first, they asked the sellers to release the polecat back where they had found it, if it was healthy. The sellers refused, claiming the animal was limping. Eventually, they agreed to hand it over to a volunteer.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vika Moiseyeva, director of the Rehabilitation and Care Center for Mustelids, recalls: “When they handed over the polecat, <\/em><\/span>they demanded a \u2018reward\u2019 from the volunteer for \u2018saving a rare animal.\u2019<\/b> The volunteer immediately took the polecat to a vet. There were no issues with its legs, but it had a head wound. In the photos taken right after the animal was caught, there was no visible injury. The wound was a result of holding a wild animal in a space unsuitable for this species. In its attempts to escape the cage, the polecat had injured its forehead. <\/span>The animal did not survive rehabilitation.<\/b>\u201d<\/span><\/em>[\/vc_column_text]\n

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Marbled polecat with its head injured by the cage. Source: Rehabilitation and Care Center for Mustelids Foundation<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n [vc_column_text]In 2022, a steppe polecat ended up in private ownership in the Lviv region. The owner also listed it for sale. After a conversation with zoologists, he agreed to release the animal. However, things didn\u2019t go as planned. It turned out that after months in captivity, the polecat\u2019s health had deteriorated. All four of its canines \u2014 essential survival tools for ferrets \u2014 were broken. <\/span><\/p>\n

“Most likely, it broke them itself on the cage bars while trying to escape. Later, it developed signs of epilepsy, so the little one had to remain in captivity,”<\/em> says Viktoriya.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Some animals were successfully rewilded. In 2021, six European polecats that were put on sale in the Dnipropetrovsk region got lucky. The sellers handed them over with little resistance. Initially, though, there were seven polecats, but they gradually weakened, and one didn\u2019t survive. The remaining six underwent rehabilitation and were released back into the forest.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text]\n

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Rescued polecats. Source: Rehabilitation and Care Center for Mustelids Foundation<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n [vc_column_text]A telling case occurred in the Volyn region in 2024. “We met a man who had ended up with five European polecats. He gladly handed them over for rehabilitation. As far as we know, the animals had been caught by a poacher who was trying to sell them through acquaintances. We released the polecats back into the wild. Later, the same man contacted us again \u2014 asking if he should buy an adult polecat from the poacher as well. We asked him to provide information about the poacher.”<\/em> But that never materialized.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buying a wild animal is just as much a crime as selling one. As long as there is demand, there will be supply.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Fish Too<\/b><\/h2>\n

Black caviar and sturgeon meat have become so popular worldwide that sturgeon species are now on the brink of extinction. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), sturgeons are currently <\/span>the most endangered<\/span><\/a> group of species among all such groups.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Danube basin and the Black Sea remain the last places in Europe where sturgeon populations are self-sustaining, meaning new generations of fish continue to appear. Wild sturgeon fishing has been banned in all countries that have territory within the Danube basin and the Black Sea coastline.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite all laws and agreements, sturgeon continues to be traded illegally, with <\/span>the Odesa region being one of the most active hubs for this trade<\/b>. Between 2016 and 2023, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) <\/span>recorded<\/span><\/a> 94 cases of illegal sale or purchase of wild sturgeon in Ukraine.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to various documents analyzed by the WWF, more than 930 kilograms of sturgeon meat and over 50 kilograms of caviar were bought or sold during this period. However, the organization states that this is just the tip of the iceberg.<\/span><\/p>\n

After the shelling of Odesa began, access to the Danube and Black Sea shores was restricted or even prohibited in some areas. Nevertheless, some people still manage to reach fishing spots \u2014 12 such incidents were <\/span>recorded<\/span><\/a> in 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

There have even been cases where officials, whose duty it is to protect the fish, were involved in illegal fishing. In September 2022, police <\/span>detained<\/span><\/a> two employees of the State Agency for Fisheries. They had been extorting monthly payments from commercial fishers in exchange for allowing them to fish without interference. These officials permitted excessive catches, including of sturgeon. In return for catching beluga and starry sturgeon \u2014 both rare species \u2014 the men received 50% of the catch\u2019s value as a bribe.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text]\n

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Beluga. Source: Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n [vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Is There a Legal Way to Buy a Red Data Book Animal?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Obtaining Red Data Book species for sale (e.g., capturing animals in the wild) is explicitly prohibited by Article 19 of the Law of Ukraine<\/a>, \u201cOn the Red Data Book of Ukraine.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The <\/span>Code of Administrative Offenses<\/span><\/a> also effectively prohibits the sale of endangered animals, though the wording might not be obvious to someone without a legal background. The relevant clause refers to the “violation of the procedure for acquiring or selling objects of the animal world” (Article 88-1). However, no such regulation (“procedure”) officially exists. There are, of course, regulations relating to the sale of animals, but they are scattered across various other provisions. In this case, this is the Law \u201cOn the Red Data Book of Ukraine\u201d and certain international regulations. Anyone who sells or purchases a Red Data Book animal in Ukraine faces a fine ranging from 1,700 to 3,655 hryvnias (~$41 to ~$90) and the confiscation of the animal.<\/span><\/p>\n

The sale and purchase of any Red Data Book species within Ukraine are strictly prohibited. However, in some cases, such an animal may be purchased abroad and imported into Ukraine.<\/span><\/p>\n

The <\/span>IUCN Red List<\/span><\/a> compiles all species worldwide that are threatened or at risk of extinction.<\/span><\/p>\n

The international trade in rare animals is regulated by an agreement known as <\/span>CITES<\/span><\/a> \u2014 the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. <\/span>This agreement includes three appendices listing species. Depending on an animal\u2019s status, trade may be strictly regulated or completely prohibited. <\/span>Appendix I contains all species threatened with extinction<\/b>. Trade in these animals is banned, though it may be allowed in exceptional circumstances and for non-commercial purposes.<\/span><\/p>\n

A CITES permit is required to transport a wild animal across a border. Without it, at the very least, the animal will be confiscated at the border.<\/span><\/p>\n

In some European Union countries, rare animals can be legally bred and sold. In such cases, a Ukrainian citizen can purchase an animal by obtaining a CITES permit. Once in Ukraine, the animal must be registered with the State Environmental Inspectorate. According to lawyer Nina Arzamastseva, birds of prey \u2014 such as saker falcons and peregrine falcons \u2014 have been imported into Ukraine through this process.<\/span><\/p>\n

There are breeders in Ukraine who legally breed exotic animals \u2014 those not part of the country\u2019s native fauna and not listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, though they may still be protected by international law. At the same time, a black market for these species continues to thrive.<\/span><\/p>\n

Middlemen sell animals from illegal breeding operations, where they are born and raised in completely unsuitable conditions, the lawyer explains. “I received information about a panther cub that died,”<\/em> says Nina Arzamastseva. “It was kept in such terrible conditions by these traffickers that it never reached a healthy weight. Someone bought it, and the cub died in the buyer\u2019s hands. These black-market breeders have even created a non-governmental organization that issues documents for animals of any species whatsoever. The middlemen refer their clients to this organization, which provides all the necessary paperwork \u2014 registration certificates, and various certificates of origin. But in reality, these documents have nothing to do with the animal\u2019s true background. That\u2019s what happened with this panther cub.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Until about a year ago, the OLX marketplace was flooded with ads selling Red Data Book animals, according to Nina. The platform now enforces stricter controls on prohibited listings, but the illegal market remains active: “People are still creating Telegram channels for sales, closed-group chats \u2014 even for Red Data Book animals. Everything has just moved under the radar<\/strong>.”<\/em><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Main image: Charitable Fund Ukrainian Rehabilitation and Care Center for Mustelids<\/em>[\/vc_column_text]\n

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Support the UAnimals Team with a Donation<\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n [\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\u201cSelling wild European hamsters.\u201d I posted this ad on one of the country’s most popular online marketplaces, OLX. I promised healthy and active male and female hamsters. The European hamster is a species listed in Ukraine\u2019s Red Data Book, so I set the price at a minimum of 800 hryvnias (~$20) “per piece.” For half […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4642,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[119,123,126,113,117,132],"topic":[92,28],"class_list":["post-4691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-statti-en","tag-fish-en","tag-ukraine","tag-wild-en","tag-dyki-en","tag-ryba-en","tag-ukraina-en","topic-obureni-en","topic-vriatovani-i-nebayduzhi-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow Endangered Animals Get Sold in Ukraine and Worldwide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Illegal wildlife trade is one of the most powerful criminal businesses in the world. 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