{"id":939,"date":"2024-05-01T16:46:13","date_gmt":"2024-05-01T13:46:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uanimals.org\/media\/bez-katehorii\/bezryb-ia-chomu-varto-pereymatys-tym-shcho-v-ukraini-menshaie-ryby\/"},"modified":"2024-06-03T22:45:55","modified_gmt":"2024-06-03T19:45:55","slug":"bezryb-ia-chomu-varto-pereymatys-tym-shcho-v-ukraini-menshaie-ryby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uanimals.org\/media\/en\/kolonky-en\/bezryb-ia-chomu-varto-pereymatys-tym-shcho-v-ukraini-menshaie-ryby\/","title":{"rendered":"Fishlessness"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

This problem is not immediately obvious, but its consequences can affect everyone. And we can all do something for fish.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Simply saying that there is a decrease in fish in Ukraine might sound like typical lamenting about the past when trees were taller and the grass was greener. It does not impress.<\/span><\/p>\n

We could turn to statistics that show a decrease in the “stock” of fish as a natural resource. In the first two decades of independence, these “stocks” decreased by six times.<\/em> Since then, according to the estimates of fish protection authorities, the situation has only worsened, with some formerly common fish species in our waters becoming rare or nearing extinction.<\/span><\/p>\n

But I believe more in what I have seen with my own eyes. I\u2019ve spent all my conscious life near Ukrainian water bodies, observing fish. An emptied river or lake, where life used to rage and splash, is unmistakable \u2014 like an uninhabited house or a deserted city.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Except for ichthyologists, environmental activists and avid sports fishermen, people are not very concerned about the decrease in the population of fish in the water, which is not surprising: humans and fish exist in different dimensions. Fish do not sing like birds, flutter like butterflies or entertain us like squirrels in the park. Even when we approach their environment, fish are only shadows, glimmers in the depths and circles on the surface to us.<\/span><\/p>\n

I have long observed that most people\u2019s associations with fish are primarily gastronomic. Try posting a photo of river fish on social media, and the comments will start pouring in: “fish soup, \u2018taranka\u2019 (dried fish) for beer, carp in sour cream, stuffed pike…” Other animals \u2014 even the “meat breed” mammals \u2014 are not automatically perceived as a future steak or roast. The silent death of a fish weighs so little that it is bought and brought to the kitchen still alive.<\/em> By analogy with dehumanisation, we can say that fish as the most de-animalised creatures by humans. Even the meat of fish in Ukrainian is not called using a special term for it, like chicken or veal, but simply “fish” \u2014 no linguistic difference between alive and dead fish.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In the lives of connoisseurs of forshmak (a dish made of salty minced fish or meat) and sushi, nothing would change even if all the fish disappeared from the basins of the Dnieper, Dniester, Prut and both Bug rivers. Shops mostly sell imported fish. Even before the start of the full-scale war, the catch by Ukrainian fishermen satisfied only 15-20% of the demand. In 2022, industrial fishing in Ukraine decreased several times compared to 2021, so now the share of domestic fish in legal sales is negligible.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, this decrease can be explained by the fact that fishing in the sea in the occupied territory is no longer included in the statistics, and in some regions, industrial fishermen don’t go out to sea due to hostilities. The chances of restoring fish populations in rivers and lakes due to reduced industrial fishing are not increasing significantly. That\u2019s because other factors causing the decrease in fish populations haven’t disappeared; on the contrary, some have been added.<\/span><\/p>\n

First of all, this is water pollution.<\/em> In addition to industrial and animal husbandry emissions, pesticides, herbicides, fertilisers and waste, there are “products” of war \u2014 explosives, fuel and other atypical “chemicals.” In some cases, like recently in the Ternopil region, these cases are documented, but what’s happening to water bodies in the combat zone and the front-line strip is beyond our knowledge. It’s difficult to assess the damage from poisoning the Dnieper and the Black Sea due to the Kakhovka tragedy. On March 22, due to rocket hits on the Dnipro Dam, petroleum products were spilled into the Dnieper \u2014 so much that the environmental damage was estimated at 140 million hryvnias; although the Minister of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine Ruslan Strilets suggested that it could be much higher.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fish are not the only victims of russia\u2019s ecocide, but they are among the most vulnerable: they have nowhere to escape from poison. So, 40 years ago, several hundred kilometres of the Dniester died out due to waste emissions.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

“Chemicals” kill fish in another way as well. Fertilisers from fields and gardens, entering rivers and reservoirs, cause explosive growth of microscopic algae \u2014 the water “blooms.” In such conditions, fish can’t breathe, they die and, decomposing, poison the water even more.<\/span><\/p>\n

The second reason for fish loss is poaching.<\/em> Even before the full-scale war, unofficial estimates suggested that poachers caught more fish than legal industrial fishermen. Penalties for illegal fishing in Ukraine are substantial, but the severity of the law is offset by its optional enforcement. Fishery officers don’t always manage to be everywhere and don’t always work conscientiously. Moreover, poaching tools are becoming more effective. The most despicable of them \u2014 the “electric rods” that kill everything alive in the water \u2014 were supplemented by cheap Chinese nets made of thin thread. This upgrade of the age-old method allows depleting water bodies of everything that swims, and poachers, unlike industrial fishermen and the State Agency of Fisheries, don’t care about population restoration.<\/span><\/p>\n

Development and destruction of riverbanks also interfere with fish.<\/em> Concrete embankments, sand extraction and artificial beaches where there used to be reedbeds. This strikes at places where fish live, especially where they breed. The ban on building on riverbanks is probably the most shamelessly ignored law in Ukraine. The ichthyofauna of a concreted water body becomes as impoverished as the vegetation of an asphalted yard.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hydroelectric damming, which turned large rivers into lakes of almost stagnant water and stopped fish spawning migrations, is another complex topic. But hydroelectric power stations are being built even now \u2014 on small rivers in the Carpathians, where vulnerable, whimsical and rare fish species live: trout, grayling, Danube salmon. Their reproduction often depends on migration. The price of a bit of “green” energy is a dead river.<\/span><\/p>\n

Companies damaging the ichthyofauna are sometimes forced to compensate for the damages \u2014 by stocking the water body with young fish. The trouble is that various fish species die, and mostly the so-called valuable ones (in terms of consumption and cooking) are stocked.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

And then there are the introduced species.<\/em> Within a few kilometres of your home, there’s probably a pond with reeds, water lilies and frogs. If you had gone scuba diving there several decades ago, you would have seen crucian carp, tench, pike and loach \u2014 fish species known in our area since Neanderthal times. Now it is home to the Asian silver carp, American channel catfish, Amur sleeper and the ubiquitous pest fish \u2014 the stone moroko. They are hardier and more prolific, so they rapidly displace local species.<\/span><\/p>\n

Not only invasive fish species harm: water bodies are overgrown with Canadian waterweed<\/em>, which is tellingly nicknamed the “water plague.” To clear the thickets, people introduce herbivorous and, again, Far Eastern fish, such as silver carp and grass carp. There’s also an “air plague”: the cormorant, once a seabird, has settled in rivers and lakes throughout Ukraine. In some languages, its name means “glutton” for a reason: the bird can eat up to a kilogram of fish per day.<\/span><\/p>\n

Of course, for people who can’t tell a perch from a herring, the substitution of one fish species for another in rivers and lakes is a minor trouble. However, the disappearance of habitual biological species triggers a chain of changes that threaten ecosystems and the environment as a whole.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

And finally, non-sport fishing.<\/em> Fishing is one of the most widespread hobbies. It’s simple, accessible to everyone and can be relatively inexpensive. Although people fish mostly for excitement, relaxation and communion with nature, all the fish that have been caught are supposed to be taken home \u2014 if not for oneself, then for a neighbour’s cat. The person who comes back from fishing with a bag of catch is praised, while the one who returns empty-handed is laughed at.<\/span><\/p>\n

There is a daily limit of permitted fish catch for amateur fishermen \u2014 three kilograms. This is another tradition: to measure fish in kilograms. However, a “kilo of crucian carp” can include dozens of undersized ones that will never spawn again. Or a couple of pregnant females \u2014 then instead of thousands of future fish, there will be “tasty pancakes with carp roe”. And then there are complaints that there’s been a lack of fish lately.<\/span><\/p>\n

In spring and early summer, there’s a spawning ban, but it’s not universal (you can fish within populated areas from the shore with one rod), and there aren’t enough patrols to chase everyone attracted by the “spawning frenzy”. On many water bodies, fishery officers have never been seen. Of course, fishermen there won’t be bothered by either spawning bans or legally established minimum sizes of fish to keep. Moreover, modern high-tech fishing gear, as opposed to the old-school hook and float, allows catching more, especially small fish that haven’t had time to spawn.<\/span><\/p>\n

“How much will they catch there!? Just a few tails,” they’ll say about a person with a fishing rod. <\/span><\/p>\n

But when dozens of people take several individuals from a limited population every day, the time will soon come when it will not be able to reproduce. This is especially detrimental to ponds, lakes and small rivers, where fish cannot migrate from elsewhere.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In the civilised world, fishermen adhere to the “catch and release” principle.<\/em> Caught fish are carefully removed from the hook and returned to the water if they are not severely injured. Somewhere this principle is applied voluntarily, while somewhere fishing is forbidden altogether. In combination with expensive licences and strict control, the “catch and release” principle makes amateur fishing less accessible to the masses and thus it protects fish.<\/span><\/p>\n

In Ukraine, the “catch and release” culture is not very widespread yet, and even enforcing rules on fishermen is not very effective. So much depends on our goodwill.<\/span><\/p>\n

If, while resting on the shore, you see someone fishing with nets or otherwise violating the rules, call the fisheries patrol. If you see someone dumping poisonous substances or waste into the water, throwing garbage or anything else, call the police.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

If you fish, release your catch. If someone from your family or friends is fishing, encourage them to release rather than take home. The culture of perceiving fish as food, as always a legitimate and desirable trophy will not disappear instantly, but it can gradually become a thing of the past.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

I’ve been passionate about fishing since childhood \u2014 it’s a hobby, a passion and a family tradition. It took me some time to embrace the “catch and release” culture too. What helped was the realisation that fish were beautiful<\/em>. They’re interesting, graceful, perfect components of our vulnerable, fragile nature, which, once lost, cannot be artificially restored. We can’t admire them like flowers, birds or squirrels in the park, but it will be great to see many circles on the water again and know that there are fish.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] This problem is not immediately obvious, but its consequences can affect everyone. And we can all do something for fish. Simply saying that there is a decrease in fish in Ukraine might sound like typical lamenting about the past when trees were taller and the grass was greener. It does not impress. We could […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1798,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[75,74],"topic":[92],"class_list":["post-939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kolonky-en","tag-ekotsyd-en","tag-viyna-en","topic-obureni-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFishlessness<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This problem is not immediately obvious, but its consequences can affect everyone. 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